LIST OFFICERS

President: Harvey Rait Treasurer: Robert Malloy Cor. Secretary: John Pazmino Editor: Fred Stern Librarian: Tom Skapinski

Please send inquiries to: LIST Mr. Harvey Rait 5 Peri Lane Valley Stream, N.Y. 11581 Please send submissions to: LISTING Mr. Frederic Stern 124 Roberts Street Holbrook, N.Y. 11741

NYTSE

NYTSE meets the Monday after the LIST meeting at: Miss Kims restaurant Park Avenue South Between 21st St. and 22nd St. Meetings start at 7:30 PM.

COMMING EVENTS

March 19, 1991 LIST meeting March 11, 1991 NYTSE meeting

ххх EDITORIAL ***

My name is Fred Stern, and I am the Editor of this LISTing edition. Instead of having (a final word) in this issue, I am taking TOP BILLING. Since September 1988, I have been the Editor of this newsletter, and it has been а labor of love which I have enjojed greatly. A time has come where, because of workload from my job, other obligations to my family and other Sinclair/Timex interests I must submit my resignation from this position. I am requesting that an active member come forward and volunteer his or her services to take over this position. If you are interested, please contact me at 516-737-9963 in the evening.

MEETING MINUTES February 19th 1991

Harvey called the meeting to order at 3:99 РМ.

All new members who have not received a

complimentary program tape please send a letter to Harvey at the above address and specify which tape you want; TS1000 or TS2068.

John Pazmino reported on a number of correspondence he has answered.

Fred Stern reported that Technical Tidbits Part II will be available for sale by the April meeting.

In June we will have a meeting/swapfest. All sellers are requested to send a list of items with prices for publication in LISTing. Please send in your list by the April meeting.

GOOD NEWS

Bob Gilder reports that Hugo is recuper- ating slowly but surely and we all send him our best.

PROGRAM TAPES

THE LIST TS1000 апа TS2068 program tapes are ready for sale. The prices are: $6.00 by mail; 54.00 at the meetings.

LIST MERCHANDISE SALE

LIST has the following merchandise for

sale. It is selling fast, so you better hurry;

TECHNICAL TIDBITS $ 4.00

QL MICRODRIVE CARTRIDGES,

set of 4 in a wallet $15.00

TS2040 PRINTER $15.00

TAPE RECORDER-PANASONIC $15.00 PROGRAM TAPES are recorded on quality name brand, C-60 cassette tapes.

The above merchandise can be seen and purchased at the next LIST meeting.

kkk QL NEWS ***

Bob Gilder has developed a QL Program Library, availabe on 5.25" disks. The disks are priced at $5.00 at meetings or $7.00 by mail. For information regarding 3.5" disks and M/D cartridges, send a SASE to Bob at the following address: 69 Jefferson Place, Massapequa, N. 11758.

FOR YOUR I HPORHRT Ic I

PERSONAL COMPUTING / OCTOBER 1989

10 Top Personal Computers Worldwide Of The Last Decade

1. ‘Commodore: Сва: аута танана соса. 7,280,000 2. 1BM PC РСК РА а ET па а Па Hote 4,577,000 3. Apple Al, MC; WE; NGS о ete 4,487,000 4. Sharp 12XX, 13XX, 15XX, 16XX ѕегіеѕ....................... 4,055,000 5. Commodore: C128... reris deas 4,003,000 6. Commodore Vic-20 ..........cccesescesccesscccsssceccsceesescenssees 2,246,000 7. Apple Мас, Mac Plus, МасЅЕ................................... 2,063,000 8. Texas Instruments 99/4A ss 2,053,000 9: Sincloir.2XB0, 81.2. ааш 1,790,000 10. Tandy TRS-80 Color Computer ................................. 1,754,000

1978-1988 worldwide sales. Source: InfoCorp, ома Clara, Calif.

10 Top US. Personal Computers Of The Last Decade

IBM РС, PC XT

Commodore C64 | `

Apple И, ИС, ПЕ, NGS

Apple Мос, Mer Plus, МосбЕ Commodore Vic-20

Tondy TRS-80 Color Computer Commodore C128

Texas instruments 99/4A -

Shorp 12-, 13-, 15-, 16XX series Sinclair 7x80, 81 |. — 3

IN MILLIONS

1978-1988 U.S. soles. Source: ІпіоСогр, Sonto Clara, Colil..

AN ACCURATE COMPUTER

ce ee ew oo

The following program was tried on the ATARI, OHIO SCIENTIFIC, PET TRS-80 MODI TRS-80 COLOR and the TI 99/45: |

10 FOR А=1 ТО 100 STEP .1 20 PRINT À 30 NEXT А

Only the the ATARI and the TI printed the

corrected list of numbers. The next рго- gram ran properly only on the TI.

10 PRINT "BEGIN" 20 FOR A-1 TO O 30 PRINT A

40 NEXT А

50 PRINT "END"

QZX 1996 OCTOBER

TECHNICAL TIDBITS KSXY

I have just bought a very interesting booklet from L.I.S.T., the Long Island Sound Sinclair-Timex Group. It is entitled "2X-81 and 751000 Technical Tidbits". 1 found it very interesting.

It consists of 22 single sided pages full of information appropriate to the title. It has four full page circuit diagrams and several smaller ones. It contains a short history of these machines and details of where they were built and some of the minor variations between models.

There is much other useful informa- tion. In one section there is a careful de- scription of how to take the computer apart and put it back together safely. This infor- mation is used in the section which deals with problems related to the flexible connec- tion between the Keyboard and the main circuit board which is the usual cause of keyboard problems. Power supply problems rate a separate section including sugges- tions on how to get rid-of excess heat. A modification to include 16 K of internal RAM is discussed. Another internal RAM section gives some of the details needed to under- stand RAM decoding.

The thing I missed most was some details of the difficulties many face with loading tapes. The book is silent on this widely discussed subject. Nevertheless it contains much useful information for the 2781, Т51000, and TS1500 owner. It only costs $4.00 and is obtainable from

L.I.S.T. 5 Peri Lane Valley Stream, NY. 11581

All except the TI printed а 1 bewteen the "BEGIN" and "END" when the FOR-NEXT loop was not true.

These same two programs were tried on the ZX-61/TS 1000 and quess what. Our machine ran both and the correct responses were obtained. Not bad for a toy!

SINCLAIR NEUS 5 UIEUS E

SINCLAIR RULES! By John Pazmino From the Mother Country (without Mother; she resigned in late November) comes the news that the SAM Coupe', the Spectrum work-more-

or-less-alike from Miles Gordon Technology, is in terminal decay. According to the UK commentary the Coupe' just plain never found a proper home. It actually didn't emulate the Spectrum; it only allowed playonly access to many -- perhaps not even most -- Spectrum games. While a British house, Lerm Software, did issue SAMTAPE to effect a complete emulation via software and even expanded it into SAMTAPE-2, Sinclairs saw no advantage in the Coupe! over a stock Spectrum.

The SAM's advanced features, mainly in sound and color, suffered from the hesitant issuance of native software to exploit them. Software publishers were reluctant to carry a new, and not terribly distinct and challenging, platform on their books.

An other and good impediment against the Coupe' was the pricing. To get full use of the instrument's advanced features you had to add accessory discdrives, RGB display, and extra RAM. All this stacked the dollar outlay about as high as that for an estáblished 68000-chip system, one that already had good software and support. In the UK the main such system is the Atari ST and, indeed, most Sinclairs on their outmove from Spectrum do settle on the Atari ST.

So, Miles Gordon are in receivership, as the British call bankruptcy, and it is an oddson bet that by the year's end the firm will shut down. MGT estimate that alltime sales of the SAM Coupe' quite equalled a myriad of units.

For the midnight fever on the Sinclair scene we look to the Venice of the North, the City of Peter, the Land of the White Night. Yes, in Leningrad the Spectrum is hale and hearty! |

No!, I'm not making this up! You're thinking of that other guy Dave Barry! This is for real! Testacularly real!!

With the continuing erosion of the Iron Curtain the [former?] Soviet people are reaching out on their own to develop indigenous skills, resources, and authority. Intercompex, a new partnership of computerists, is doing this by building and selling Spectrum clones!

Called the Hobbit, with nothing to do with Tolkein but being the translitteration of some Russian acronym, it looks much like a unitized lowend IBM clone, a la Tandy or Laser or even Sinclair. The guts are inside an IBM keyboard and to it are attached up to four IBM #5-1/4 discdrives and an IBM CGA display. Across the back of the keyboard are ports for the display, discdrives, cassette ear and mic, joystick or kindred device, serial output, parallel output, and worldwide power supply.

There is no cardedge because all peripherals are connected thru the provided IBM ports directly. Hence, no stock Sinclair accessories will connect to it but almost anything else will. This seeming design flub owes to the [admittedly sporadic] availability of IBM accessories in the USSR and the essential absence of those for Sinclair and other systems.

The extensive use of IBM parts and components was dictated by sheer availability. There is a vast and virulent industry for IBM components and these sift into Russia thru the borders. There is little opportunity for importing components for other systems. In fact, I could cobble a convincing mockup of the Hobbit with the gumbo from any local computer bazaar. As we'll see later, this may be an adit into this country for the machine.

Intercompex assures that the ROM is a bonafide Spectrum ROM duly acquired from Amstrad, who now have title to it, and the Hobbit is a true Spectrum workalike. They saw the fiasco of that watch company

when it tinkered with the Spectrum in America.

Yet the Hobbit is not just a Spectrum in Big Blue clothes. It is probably what the native Spectrum would have been if Sinclair and Amstrad allowed it to evolve into the 19905. There are several rather cunning features added in without compromising the Sinclair demeanor.

ОК, it is a Russian contrivance, so it outputs in the Cyrillic character set. Ah, but, there's а toggle key that instantly flips everything to the Latin and then the Arabic set. The keyboard has 74 tegulae, from the IBM-XT layout, and 40 of these map directly into the 40 keys of the original Spectrum. One more key is the character set toggle. The remaining 33 keys are softkeys assignable by the operator to any Spectrum operations or functions. Typicly these would include the famous augmented functions mounted on the home set of 40 keys.

The discdrives are driven by code in a segregated part of RAM, not in ROM. This allows the drives to mimic any of the many Spectrum disc formats by loading an appropriate driver program. Thusly, you could load a program from (to cite familiar American formats) a Larken disc and then save it to anAerco disc. The two discs are slotted in turn into the one and the same drive but the drive is governed by the two

different driver programs. You can also load from cassette and save to disc or viceversa.

Built into the Hobbit, and paged in as desired, are Beta, a splinter version of CP/M, and a Hot-Z type of machine code processor. (The Russians know of CP/M thru utterly ediurnate litterature!) The motherboard sports an extra socket for plugin ROMs to emulate other computers. These, of course, must be customized to cope with the Hobbit's hardware and 1/0. You can not just stick in an Apple II or Amstrad chip. For starts, Intercompex has chips that preserve the Spectrum soul but implement other languages: C, FORTH, LOGO, and Pascal. Which is say, with the Pascal chip installed you get the "к" prompt but the editor/parser will accept only Pascal statements.

Wow!, can you just see the lines outside Detsky Mir to buy this fabulous machine? Not quite. Lines there are plenty of in Russia these days, but they lead to pitifully barren shelves. There is no system of manufacturing, distribution, marketting, banking, servicing, and so on for home computers (or anything alse). With the collapse of the old regime and the protracted interregnum there is little hope that a native home computer market will develop soon.

There is also the money situation. A standard Spectrum, smuggled into the country and sold on the black market, sells for the ruble equivalent of -- hold your bladder -- $28,000! In Soviet terms this is TEN YEARS of the mean salary of a toiler or peasant!! Yet, ina land where unsupervised thoughts landed you in deep prison, the lure of a gadget that thinks for itself is just too much.

So Intercompex is aiming at the schools. Schools in Leningrad, like those in New York, work out ways to pay for stuff they covet. The enterprise loads some units into a kited van and shabashniks around town and in the suburbs. So far, in their first year of operations, they sold about 15,000 units. Please bear in mind that when Gorbachev ascended the throne in 1985 he vowed to place in the Soviet schools one million computers by the end of this century. As he spoke those words there were in all the schools of all the Russias just two computers.

But why clone the Sinclair Spectrum? It is simply the computer of the realm in Russia. Besides the black market real McCoys there are untold thousands of kitchentable homemade clones of them. The colloguial Russian word for "computer fan" or "computerist" is, no kidding, "sinclairski". The IBM is fast coming along, however, it is concentrated in labs, universities, and institutes and not in homes.

How did the Spectrum achieve such a stature? Well, look at the

thing: а rather slim and flat slab easily tucked into a large pocket to sneak thru border crossings. With a few [deliberately mislabelled] casettes in the other pocket, you become a complete walking computerist in Sheremetyevo airport. Try breezing past the guards with an Apple II or Atari 800 or a Commodore C-64 -- and their necessary and chunky peripherals -- under your jacket. (By a freak happenschance, the Spectrum is exactly the size of the vodka pouch on a toiler's overalls!)

Is, then, the Hobbit fated to forever range along the Neva River? Emissaries of Intercompex think not. They are fanning out into Europe and Third World countries to explore export prospects. They can do this self-intiated dealing thanks to the dissipation of command, control, and coersion thruout the Soviet Union. I myself find their expectations too idealist and naive. By the same token, the Leningrad lads are today saying stuff that a scant two years ago would have

earned them lots of sunbathing in Oymyakon. I would observe that, with the general rise in economies and lifestyle in the Third World,

it is still a long while before the rank and file citizeh will have the casual discretion to get a home computer.

There is also the corundum of pricing. To Intercompex and, indeed, all the emerging Russian enterprises, the concept and practice ef pricing is yet protozoic. Absolutely they can not ask $28,000 a pop! But to close any deals and book sales they do have to examine if the mere recupement of these costs sets a price to make buyers smile. At the same time the price çan not be so low that the buyers grin.

Ah, now, is there a prospect for the Soviet Spectrum in America? Here the Spectrum had a brief and intense blaze in the early 1980s. Whence sprang LIST, other Sinclair clubs, and a Sinclair industry.

The commercial sector is now about vanished but the clubs remain. Alas, the whole sum of all Sinclairs in the States probably does not excede one myriad. This is far from the critical mass required to Sustain a revived Sinclair industry in the States.

Whoa!, check out that Hobbit again. It's entirely made of IBM hardware! There IS, despite the initial discouragement, an intriquing adit into America for this Russian machine.

in as much as virtuallly all American computerists have an IBM rig Or can get one trivially for under a thousand dollars, Americans already have all the hardware components of the Hobbit. The remaining bits, the motherbooard and circuitry, could be built as a card to slot into an up-&-running IBM. Voila'!, mens Sinclair in corpore IBM! This card will have the cassette and joystick ports, being that these are wanting on the ordinary IBM chassis. Boot software will come on either a DOS disc or a Sinclair cassette. Then by a DOS statement like "SET CPU-HOBBIT" you get the Sinclair welcome banner.

Sinclair rules!

* THIS COMPUTER PROGRAM ENABLES Юи TO МЕНЕ | . BUSINESS LETTERS BY- SIMPLY FEEDING IN RANDOM THOUGHTS O A SUBJECT...

...

Em2O o-«*mraoz

TECH TALK

i TECHAICRL TALE- ПОТЕГ - ИТЯСБЯНЕ - DATH- SUCCESTIONS -IGFORMATION eee

Miracle Systems Serial/Parallel Printer Interface - Bob Gilder

The following subject matter for I realized that this was a timing this article was prompted by a problem which was directly related member of LIST who had ordered a to the CMOS 555 timer IC's used in Serial/Parallel Printer Interface the circuit. I purchased several from SHARP's and it took 6 months different CMOS 555 timer types and before he had received it! Plus found that the LMC555CN timers several QL hardware manufacturers cured my problem. If you need to in the U.K. have given up support replace these devices in your as stated in а recent issue of interface, try to get the exact Sinclair QL World magazine. By no replacement of what you have and means is this to be considered a if you can't locate them, purchase construction article as this the LMC555CN timers from the circuit is probably protected by source listed below. 1 tried copyright. It is for information Radio Shack's TLC555's and found purposes only in the event that that adjustment of the timing YOUR S/P Printer Interface goes controls were too critical and bad and you want to repair it they are slightly higher in price yourself. . This is the reason that compared to the LMC555CN timers. I wanted to examine the subject hardware, so that I could There are two variable controls trouble-shoot and repair it if which require adjustment. I need be.. didn't take any measurements as far as resistance or voltage ; I I started by drawing’ the printed adjusted the controls a little at circuit layout on one side of a a time until the printer responded piece of paper and then on the Printing correctly. The 47K (can other side I drew out the parts be 50K) control I adjusted to the placement directly over the РС full clock-wise position ( this traces. The schematic drawing was was due to using a 220K resistor completed after two prototypes instead of a 240K resistor as the were built and working. My hat is circuit called for). The 4.7K (can off to the individual who be 5K) control was adjusted to originally designed the PC layout approximately an 11 0' clock for this interface as it is quite position. complicated with many traces interwinding between the IC pins. The second unit built also gave me This made the job of tracing the timing problems. That was because circuit difficult. To insure that the timing capacitors used were duplication of the circuit board well out of tolerance required for was correct, 1 de-soldered every the circuit to perform as it component on the PC board and then should. They were replaced with made corrections to the drawings. two capacitors that I checked out on a capacitor meter and prototype І prototyped two units. The first unit two operated fine. The range one was built on a Radio Shack IC for the capacitors used for timing prototype board, approximately should be between .0030mf to measuring 4 x 5 inches. The .0036mf. The capacitors installed second unit was half the size of in the Miracle unit were 1% number one. All 12" 5 were polystyrene types. socketed (it was a good idea), in the event the unit didn't Insure that if you have to replace work...and it didn't work! When I either the 74HCO2 IC or the fired up the first unit built, 74HC164 IC that they are exact printing did occur, however, the replacements. These IC's are low characters printed were not the power CMOS devices which draw same characters from my test their operating power from the document. QL's Serial Port. These IC's can

-f=

а150 ђе purchased from the printer would not print from a QL.

supplier indicated below. The first thing I do is hook up

my spare QL and try printing. Each All the resistors are standard 5% time the printer responded as it 1/4W with the exception of the should with the printer interface 240K resistor which 15 only connected to SERL or SER2. Now I obtainable as a 1%, 1/4W. A 220K knew that the 1488 IC was blown & and a 20K resistor сап be placed most likely the -12 volt regulator in series to obtain an approximate was also no good. The 1488 240K value or if you have an OHM requires +12 volts and - 12 volts Meter you will find that in a for operation. In each case both batch of 220K resistors some will IC's had to be replaced....and in be on the high side of the each case it was my fault! I do a indicated value on the resistor. lot of experimenting with various Use it and make up the difference interfaces and at times, I become with the adjustment of the 47K careless. control. >

ТЕ you have difficulty repairing The .Olmf capacitors can be your Serial/Parallel Printer ceramic disc types. The 33mf Interface you can drop me a line electrolytic capacitor can have a in care of LIST and I will value up to 100mf and the .0033mf promptly reply with help. capacitors should be close ox e de d e de x x tolerance units as described KRP Electronic Supermarket, Inc., earlier in the text. 219 W. Sunrise HWY, Freeport, NY

11520. Telehone Number One final note: If your printer 516-623-3343. They have а supply does not respond when required, it of all the IC's used in this may not be the Serial/Parallel circuit and prices are not high. I/F. On several occasions my - 11/30/90 -

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QL Information......

Bob Gilder

EPROM CONCEPTS

The QL memory map contains several areas which can be used for expansion hardware and/or EPROMS. The ROM expansion port uses the 16 kilobyte slots from address $C000 to $FFFF. Another 16 slots are available between addresses $C0000 to $FFFFF.

A ROM slot, located at the rear of the QL, allous users to place additional ROMs on-line as if they were part of the native operating system. ICE, SuperToolkit II, Speedscreen and CPMulator and other EPROM based programs normally occupy this slot.

Each time the QL is reset, it checks for ROM drivers. The availability of add-on ROMs is identified by the long-word flag 48780001. If the flag is set the QL will link in the additional procedures from the ROM to the QL operating system. These programs are usually initialized by keywords ( TK2 ext for SuperToolkit II and ICE for ICE).

Contents on EPPOM can be copied to disk or microdrive cartridge after the EPROM cartridge is inserted in the rear slot and after pressing 'Е1' or ’F2’, type SBYTES flpi (or nmdul. )filename, 49152,16384. Of course, you cannot run these programs from disk ог microdrive unless they are reformatted by a special program as оп 'Locksmith & 4matter’. However, if you have an EPROM programmer, they can be duplicated on EPROM using this method.

EPROMs currently used within the QL are 27128 (16k), 27256 (32k) and 27512 (64k) and are manufactured in either NMOS ог CMOS, the latter being preferential as they are low power devices.

Any one doing serious work with EPROMs will almost inevitably acquire an EPROM programmer. Even if you had no previous experience with a programmer, you will find the QEP III exceptionally easy to use. Every attention has been paid to the smallest detail with regard to both presentation and function. The QEP III occupies the QL expansion port and remains resident until it is invoked with the command 'EPROM' or 'ЕРВОМ size’, where size is the working area used by ФЕР III.

This versatile and flexible programmer is suitable for the complete range of 5-volt NMOS and CMOS EPROMS from 2716/2516 types to 27512 type. Three programming voltages are provided - 12.7, 21 or 25 volts.

A 28 pin ’ZIF’ (zero insertion force) socket accommodates ап EPROM- either a programmed chip, which is to be copied into the QL memory ог a new chip ready to be programmed.

There are many other features available on the ФЕР III programmer which would only be of interest to any one interested in EPROM programming. I did read in one UK publication that in Europe, the QL was being purchased with the ФЕР III by some individuals, to be used exclusively as an EPROM Programming and/or Duplicating machine.

Several programs are available to convert SuperBASIC programs to а ВОМ resident file so that it can be copied to an EPROM. RPM is.one. such program, developed by Liberation Softure, UK. The other program available is titled Things and Eprom Manager II by Jochen Merz Software, West Germany.

Both programs provide a means by which a ROM header is developed with the flag $4AFB0001 and an initialization pointer for your basic programs. I have RPM and have not been able to master it as yet. Perhaps some дау.........

There is another important item necessary when programming EPROMs; it is an EPROM eraser when things go wrong, perhaps the program won’t initialize or possibly some additional programming may be desired. An EPROM eraser uses UV (Ultra Violet) light as the source for cleaning out the burned-in program. The eraser I use 15 the DATARASE, which has the capability of erasing two eproms simultaneously within two-to-three minutes. The manufacturer of this product claims that most EPROMs can be erased approximately 500 times before an EPROM is permanently damaged with their eraser.

Next month I will discuss methods for using more than one EPROM on the QL.

LKDOS loader for LARKEN Disk system. Will load your programs and files from list printed on screen by simply moving the cursor over the one uou want to load. Ho TBRiBE in names and extensions anymore. fH reat help to LARKER users. ICE $5.88. Order from Том Skapinski, 7 Afkinson LN, Coram WY 11727.. CANADA orders $5.75 includes S/H. ~ ast | - є ^» М ` tre 1 і ; Ae ain све + О оасуути– VURUN- ш осмос -Y C * sés-ihouse - Op ELT LH MEL © > 0 ~ 2-frG050—-»^ D 20 Ф: о: ос OL Lay о c Ф Ш v ~ рес pe... De + € DAYS = oe "WT и 5 © Тесс Е oz Ce с e а Sr abo. 2 "M Ses а бя оос ^50 у Qf | = > ob ~--=> Сре» Слова. 5 Vart, 5 т моол ос оо о 2000 © с = oue x vo хоо AMULE Я Шор Wx. о ect Drao w и ax- -TULrDe-- >L cow. coo U nanco 3 с = © & i. m 55 0: и сече. 9»—-30 OL — езоостов-—=- ш п ea. Dy Oo, = >. в @ OCR 55—-—им 2-0 РЕЗНЯ — о « «€. : tut33: о - Sup 356-25 ос-от- VƏ- coL > - o UE DR oz w Сгмордуд »џоотазсеоф ~ ошооо W Е І n x- го vo 0055 оа от и ос ер co y Ci EL PEE no геимирсоф cot ма a de ee ERU Е =. | - : oec з: 525 ‚м. ра -= à р - gp CA OL: E Уе e ЕЕМОФСЕНЕИЫ Oove3i123 -#2 = : : -CJ as = — —oU0Z2w:»U«— wW^OP ACW CH 330 + mse. TLX--L Eu: Z windo XEN CULHUYOL AG NOS о vo-: | EbEn—r- 5 орљас viL U исз AJCM Lows——u >>. FETS хо обрсооФсЕесосо Фоо 55 Едор— > ет а o E J ЈЕ = DL IA WO UDr-* ->£ = m - #2: er per м > до -Lo био о LU LOLMSH #20с0 bee ur Eu: LC со —923-: CzHOL UVS- Uv» с20292%00 > СЕ TNR v0 р ва L 3- UCAD- 29 р 7990201 Й sui - Е DH OX 5-11-28 — – 530 FUC ae SEEK MEC ооованоџово—3и -EL SI, =. et UL -I0 3 ELOTEUP— сФсеофросмоФфе—ЕСС - ое 001. КРЕ ee ЭРЕ 9» uU у—тчасг—омдаеетотсововсотФЕ •1 -Si CL? Ir а za q«40---€ü^ovCü—UOGLPWuWU3i-oce3-o! о »3!:

Deleting Blocks of Basic Statements

Don Kraska

On several occasions, 1 have had to delete a large block of Basic program statements from an existing program. For example, I devel- oped a loader program to process “pseudo machine code" into actual absolute address machine language code. The loader is written in Basic and is several hundred statements in length. After the machine language code is debugged and running properly, 1 only want to retain the REM statements containing the ma- Chine code, not the loader. Deleting the loader program one line at a time is a tedious, time consuming process. 1 decided there had to be a better way.

Closer inspection of the chapter on system variables in the manual, uncovered the word NXTLIN at address 16425. The definition is:

SX2 16425 NXTLIN Address of next pro- gram line to be executed.

Don Kraska, 2101 Ledge Rd., Hinckley, OH 44233.

Suppose I put some statements just before the first line 1 wanted to delete, and some other statements just after the last line I wanted to delete. I should be able to calculate

— Figure 1. Sample Deleting Lines 200-5000. __

10 . (10-190 ARE LINES 19e TO BE KEPT) 191 LET SzPEEK 16425+256»РЕЕК 1 642643 192 REM 193 LET LzE-S-1 194 POKE S,INT (1256 195 POKE S-1,L-256#PEEK 5 199 STOP 200 . (200-5000 ARE LINES > TO DELETE) 5006 соаг LET Е=РЕЕК 16425+256#РЕЕК 1 4 5002 GOTO 191 5010 "s (5019-9990 ARE LINES . TO ВЕ KEPT) 3990

the total length of all the lines in between. Then I could POKE this length into a REM statement at the beginning of the block. The REM statement would then include all the statements I wished to delete. Deletion of the REM statement would delete the entire length. I thought this would work, since I had learned through experimentation that state- ment deletions are based on length only, not the ending ENTER character.

It does work. Figure 1 shows sample coding to delete lines 200 through 5000. The state- ments with line numbers which are not multi- ples of 10 are the statements necessary to per- form the deletion. After adding the necessary statements, type in: GOTO 5001 and hit ENTER. You will stop with 9/199. Now de- lete lines 191, 192 and 5002. Lines 200-5000 will be deleted and also all the coding used to delete them. "x

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